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The GAP model helps managers analyze goods and services and the processes that make and deliver them to identify and close the largest gaps and improve performance.

A) True
B) False

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True

Identify a true statement about International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000:2000.


A) It states that generic management practices can never be standardized.
B) Its standards do not apply to services such as health care, banking, and transportation.
C) It is the first version of the ISO family of standards.
D) Its standards apply to all types of businesses, including electronics and chemicals.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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__________are targets and tolerances determined by designers of goods and services.


A) Defects
B) Specifications
C) Units of work
D) Costs of quality

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true of Dr. W. Edwards Deming


A) He sought to improve quality by working within the system familiar to managers.
B) He proposed a simple definition of quality: "fitness for use."
C) He professed that quality means conformance to requirements and not elegance.
D) He advocated a process to guide and motivate improvement activities known as the Deming cycle.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Identify a true statement about the poka-yoke concept.


A) Many applications of poka-yoke are expensive to implement.
B) It is a manufacturing process.
C) It is a concept advocated by Dr. W. Edwards Deming.
D) Many applications of poka-yoke are deceptively simple.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements is true of Gap 3 in the GAP model


A) It can be minimized by making senior managers work in frontline jobs a few days every year so that they keep in contact with customers and frontline employees.
B) It is where the customer judges quality and makes future purchase decisions.
C) It can be minimized by advertising.
D) It recognizes that manufacturing and service delivery systems must execute quality specifications well.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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__________defines quality system standards, based on the premise that certain generic characteristics of management practices can be standardized and that a well-designed, well-implemented, and carefully managed quality system provides confidence that the outputs will meet customer expectations and requirements.


A) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14000:2015
B) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4217:2015
C) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14006:2011
D) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000:2000

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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According to Philip B. Crosby's Absolutes of Quality Management philosophy, _____.


A) quality means conformance to elegance
B) there is no such thing as a quality problem
C) there is no such thing as zero defects
D) the only performance measurement is the economics of quality

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Daniel is a front-desk manager at Refington Hotel, a mid-market hotel. During Daniel's shift last week, he received 29 customer complaints. A total of 428 guests had stayed in the hotel that week. Given this information, find out the errors per million opportunities.


A) 400 errors per million opportunities
B) 23456 errors per million opportunities
C) 67757 errors per million opportunities
D) 14758620 errors per million opportunities

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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C

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a specialized agency for standardization that was founded in 1946, and it is composed of representatives from the national standards bodies of 91 nations.

A) True
B) False

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__________is a business improvement approach that seeks to find and eliminate causes of defects and errors in manufacturing and service processes by focusing on outputs that are critical to customers, resulting in a clear financial return for the organization.


A) Six Sigma
B) The GAP model
C) Poka-yoke
D) A kaizen event

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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In the context of SERVQUAL, _____ is the knowledge and courtesy of service providers and their ability to convey trust and confidence.


A) responsiveness
B) reliability
C) competence
D) assurance

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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__________in the GAP model is the discrepancy between actual manufacturing and service-delivery system performance and external communications to the customers.


A) Gap 1
B) Gap 2
C) Gap 3
D) Gap 4

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Six Sigma cannot be applied to service processes.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following definitions of quality is proposed by Joseph M. Juran


A) Quality means conformance to requirements.
B) Quality is fitness for use.
C) A product or a service possesses quality if it helps somebody and enjoys a good and sustainable market.
D) A product or a service possesses quality if it consistently exceeds customer expectations.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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_____ concept characterizes quality performance by defects per million opportunities.


A) The poka-yoke
B) The ISO 9000:2000
C) The Gap model
D) The Six Sigma

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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D

In General Electric's Six Sigma problem-solving approach (DMAIC) , the__________phase involves determining the most likely causes of defects.


A) define
B) measure
C) analyze
D) control

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A _____ is a basic statistical tool that graphically shows the frequency or number of observations of a particular value or within a specified group.


A) flowchart
B) histogram
C) cause-and-effect diagram
D) scatter diagram

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Identify a true statement about kaizen.


A) It is based on the concept of continuous improvement.
B) It is an intense, rapid improvement process.
C) It is performed on a part-time basis.
D) It involves a huge financial investment.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is a core philosophy of Six Sigma?


A) Achieving cycle time reduction
B) Increasing non-value-added activities
C) Avoiding errors per million opportunities as a standard metric
D) Increasing variation in cash flow

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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